How To Install Asphalt Shingles In A Roof Valley

Learn the basics of installing an asphalt shingle roof, courtesy of IKO.

When it's fourth dimension to supersede your roof, the amount of data available tin be overwhelming. Lots of websites and videos go into great detail on how to shingle a roof. This article from the experts at IKO Roofing will help you make sense of it all by highlighting the basic steps and outlining the central purpose for each roofing system component. This article is non a substitute for proper live training and IKO recommends that only properly trained professional roofing contractors engage in the shingling of roofs.

The next time you read the package instructions or sentinel a how-to video on YouTube, you'll have a much better understanding of why roof shingles are installed the way they are.

Here are the basic steps to shingle a roof.

1. Step one in any roofing project is e'er rubber first. Working at heights on a roof presents fall hazard risks and other safety concerns. IKO recommends that roofing piece of work exist done by qualified professionals who know the best way to shingle a roof and take been fully trained in all aspects of roof construction condom. Further, it's important to review local applicative building codes and ensure the roof conforms to all requirements.

ii. Understand the physics of how a sloped shingle roof works. Asphalt roofing shingles simply rely on the force of gravity to shed water from rain or snow melt. If the roof shingles and all accompaniment roof components are bundled and overlapped with this in mind, the roof should successfully shed h2o. In the dictionary, "to shingle" is defined as "to lay out or arrange so as to overlap." So at present let'due south look at the sequence of overlapping roof structure components to encounter how this applies.

3. Deck preparation. Before installing any roofing materials, make sure that the roof deck is smoothen, properly fastened to the roof trusses, dry out and gratuitous of whatsoever gaps or holes. Having a clean, flat deck surface volition assistance ensure that the newly shingled roof will likewise appear smooth and apartment when finished.

4. Work from the bottom up. Not only are we working from the bottom of the roof, we're also starting with the lesser-most layer, in terms of roofing components. The asphalt roof shingles are the visible part and the get-go line of defence force against inclement atmospheric condition, but what's underneath them really counts.The first fabric installed at the eave is the drip edge. It literally provides a clean, sharp edge for the start of the roof and protects the lower border of the roof deck from water impairment by preventing water from "defying gravity" and wicking dorsum "upwardly" before information technology leaves the roof.

Drip edge is installed under the ice and water at the eaves and on top of the water ice and water and underlayment on the rakes.

5. Ice dam protection at the eaves. If you live in an area where the climate includes meaning cold winter conditions, you'd wear boots to protect your anxiety from ice, slush and puddles, right? Well, your roof and the home under it need the same kind of protection that an ice and water protector is engineered to provide. This thin, self-adhering membrane is the next component and it gets installed over the baste edge. Water ice dam germination is best prevented past having a proper attic vapor bulwark, adequate attic insulation and thorough ventilation; however, an ice protection membrane is a wise roofing system component and is likely required past your local building code in common cold climates. This ice and water membrane is typically applied to overhang the eaves by one/4″-3/four″. To be fully effective, information technology should extend upwardly the roof to a indicate at to the lowest degree 24″ inside the vertical extension of the interior side of the wall. At this time, whatsoever valleys on the roof should also be flashed with an water ice and h2o membrane. Why an ice and h2o protector? Because these membranes work on the principle that their rubberized asphalt coating seals effectually the shanks of the overlying shingle fasteners, adding an extra caste of water-shedding protection.

Water ice dams form when melted snow runs downwardly the roof to the eaves and freezes again, which forces water dorsum up underneath the shingles.

StormShield Ice and water protector.

6. Underlayment for overall secondary roof protection. Next information technology's time for the roof underlayment, which tin either be an asphalt-saturated felt or a synthetic roof underlayment. Both offering you peace-of-mind protection beneath the shingles. While the asphalt shingles will exist the primary water-shedding roof layer, there are many benefits to installing a roof underlayment. The felt is laid in horizontal courses, overlapping the eave ice and water protector by 4″ and the valley membrane flashing by 6″. Notation: If your home is in a region where ice and water protector is not required, offset the underlayment installation at the eave, overhanging the baste edge by 1/4″- iii/4″. Remember that baste edge we installed at the bottom of the roof? When going up the sloped edges of the roof (called the "rakes") it goes on pinnacle of the underlayment. Although this seems to contradict the overlapping principle, installing the drip edge over the underlayment at the rakes creates a clean roof edge and provides the underlayment attachment with increased resistance against current of air uplift. Besides, any wind-driven rain bravado on the rake border would cross the meridian flange of the drip edge and go on summit of the underlayment instead of below the underlayment where information technology could potentially crusade a problem.

IKO's RoofGard-Cool Grey Synthetic Roof Underlayment gives your roof secondary layer of protection.

7. Covering the joints and valleys. If a roof is going to leak, information technology volition about probable occur wherever the shingle layer is penetrated, interrupted or meets a wall. These are the special areas that require flashing – an added layer of water-shedding material to help keep the h2o running downslope. Valleys can either be open up or closed – open valleys are non covered with shingles, closed valleys are. If your roof will have open valleys, which IKO recommends, at present is when the valleys should exist lined with a pre-formed width of corrosion-resistant metal. Closed valleys are completed during shingle installation. For longer roof performance, IKO strongly recommends open metal valleys. Consummate the awarding of underlayment and valley flashing before the roofing shingles are practical. The recommended flashing material is a 28-judge galvanized metal or an equivalent corrosion resistant, non-staining fabric (check with local codes). Center a 914 mm (36″) width strip of an ice and h2o protector membrane in the valley. The product is tacked in place temporarily along ane border. Carefully peel away the backing, and put it in identify, smoothing out any wrinkles. Start working from the eave, allowing additional pieces to overlap past at least 150 mm (6″). Remove the temporary nails. Centre a minimum 610 mm (24″) broad, minimum 28 gauge pre-finished/galvanized metallic valley liner in the valley, and fasten with merely enough nails to hold information technology in place, nailing at the edges only. Overlap each metal slice past at least 150 mm (half-dozen″) and use asphalt plastic cement under each section of overlap. Snap ii chalk lines the full length of the valley, 150 mm (6″) apart at the peak 75 mm (3″) on each side of the valley and increasing in width iii mm (1/eight″) per 300 mm (12″) towards the bottom to a maximum of 200 mm (8″). When the shingles are existence practical, lay them over the valley flashing, trim the ends to the chalk line and nail the shingles at least l mm (ii″) dorsum from the chalk line. Cut a 50 mm (2″) triangle off the top corner to direct h2o into the valley and embed the valley end of each shingle into a 75 mm (three″) ring of cobblestone plastic cement. Information technology's critical to flash around plumbing stacks and cranium vents considering they are the most mutual roof penetrations. Install metallic flashings where shingles meet walls or chimneys, too. Ice and water protector membranes piece of work well to flash and assist protect effectually skylights, dormers, turbines and other tricky roof areas. Utilize flashing materials in concert with the shingle installation procedure, with both the flashing and the shingles bundled to work together to protect around the joint areas.

Flashing is placed around plumbing stacks and vents to help prevent leaks.

Consummate shingle installation above the plumbing stack flashing.

Various Roof Vents

Roof planes that barrel confronting vertical walls at the cease of the shingle form are protected by metal footstep flashing at least 125 mm loftier and 125 mm broad (5″ loftier and 5″ wide). When applying the new shingles, each shingle course will be covered by a step flashing.

Metal Step Flashing Pieces

There are 2 simple rules to follow:

• Each flashing should overlap the i below by at least 75 mm (iii″), but not exist visible below the shingle summit lap.
• Imbed each step flashing in a 75 mm (3″) wide application of asphaltic plastic cement, and nail in place. Then the end of each shingle overlapping a pace flashing must also be well embedded in plastic cement.

The metallic step flashing pieces are rectangular in shape and style, approximately 250 mm (x″) long and at least l mm (2″) wider than the face of the shingle being used. For instance, when using metallic flashing with shingles with a typical 143 mm (5 v/8″) exposure (such equally traditional three-tab shingles), the size of the flashing volition be 250 mm 10 200 mm (10″ x 8″). The 250 mm (10″) length is bent in one-half and then that 125 mm (v″) will reach upwardly the wall surface and the other 125 mm (5″) will extend onto the roof deck. Notation: Other step flashing sizes are also acceptable. For IKO's Cambridge shingle, with its larger five 7/eight″ exposure, a ten″ ten eight″ flashing slice is notwithstanding suitable, since the 8″ dimension is withal at least two″ larger than the shingle's exposure dimension. However, when flashing Crowne Slate, with its much larger x″ exposure, the flashing piece would need to be x″ 10 12″.

To install the flashing piece on the outset course, place it over the cease of the starter strip. Identify it so the tab of the finish shingle covers information technology completely. Secure the horizontal flange to the roof deck using two nails. Do not fasten the flashing slice to the vertical wall. This will allow the flashing piece to move independently of any differential expansion and contraction that may occur between the roof deck and the wall. Place the second footstep flashing piece over the end shingle in the start grade by positioning information technology 143 mm (5 5/eight″) above the bottom edge of the exposed asphalt shingle.

Make sure that the tab of the shingle in the second course will cover information technology completely. Secure the horizontal flange to the roof. The second and succeeding courses volition follow with the end shingles flashed as in preceding courses.

8. The shingles in the "field" of the roof. One time everything that goes beneath the shingles has been properly prepared and installed, it's finally time to learn how to shingle a roof. Regardless of the cobblestone shingle type or way you've chosen, the process is basically the same equally mentioned earlier – you start at the bottom and overlap as yous work your manner across and up the roof. Kickoff – before you lay the field shingles ("field" referring to the large expanse of roof inside the boundaries of eaves, ridge and rakes) – it's important to install a preparatory grade of starter shingles which are specifically manufactured for that purpose. Simply, even if you fashion your ain on-site by cutting standard shingles to size, both serve disquisitional functions at the roof'due south eave. They provide a sealant adhesion point for the kickoff course of shingles and provide water-shedding protection at shingle joints too as at whatever cut-outs. Professional person contractors frequently recommend and employ starter strips along rake edges in social club to yield a straight edge from which all the field courses tin can begin. Furthermore, these starter strips enhance the roof arrangement's current of air-resistance at the rake. It's critical to follow the manufacturer'south instructions for the specific roof shingle because not all shingles have the aforementioned exposure (the part of the shingle that'due south visible once installed), beginning (the lateral distance betwixt joints in successive courses sometimes called 'stagger' or 'border-to-edge spacing') and/or nail placement. Bug may occur if the shingles are given too much exposure or too little or if they're not beginning by the proper dimension in successive courses (rows of shingles). You must place nails in the proper location and drive them flush with, but not cutting into, the shingle. Nailing the shingles correctly is critical to the roof system's wind-resistance. Proper blast placement is also a requirement for the shingles' express warranty coverage. If y'all've chosen airtight valleys, they are completed as shingle courses approach and run through the valley. The most common closed valley is a "closed cut" valley, where shingles are installed on the unabridged roof surface area on i side of the valley first, with each shingle form extending at least 12″ through the valley centerline. As shingles are installed on the adjoining roof area, the end of each course of shingles is trimmed (cut) 2″ dorsum of the valley centerline.

9. The hip and ridge caps. Y'all've nailed in the last field shingle and you tin come across the terminate line from here. Well washed! In this instance, the finish line is the hip and ridge capping. When you lot install the field shingles upwardly to the summit of the roof, you tin can't just "bend them" over the peak. Instead, private ridge cap shingles are used to straddle the ridge and shed water downward either slope. In that location are various ridge cap shingles available on the market only, once once more, the process for installing them is based on the same cardinal principle of overlapping. For hips, start at the lesser and work upslope. Since ridges are on a horizontal plane, the upslope principle doesn't apply, and then ridge cap shingles are typically installed like this: begin at the stop of the ridge opposite the prevailing wind direction, for optimum ridge cap air current-resistance. On hip roofs, it'due south also acceptable to install the ridge caps starting at each cease of the ridge, with the last piece installed in the heart of the ridge. The last ridge cap slice should be nailed in identify and, since this volition be the simply place on the roof where the nails are directly exposed, the nail heads should exist sealed and covered with a suitable asphalt roof cement. Always recollect to use longer nails for ridge cap shingles. Because the nails must penetrate the ridge caps and the last course of roof shingles below, you'll need longer nails to fully penetrate through them to the roof deck.

An example of a hip and ridge installation.

Have a wait at IKO's PROFORMAX Integrated Roofing Accessories to see how the various roof system elements described in a higher place work together.

Now that you have a greater insight into the major steps involved in how to shingle a roof, you can more than fully sympathize the nuances of the entire process. You may fifty-fifty capeesh why it's recommended to hire a professional!

For even more detailed information or if you lot'd like to spotter and acquire how the pros do it, check out this library of instructional videos on every aspect of shingle installation and covering components. You lot can as well read our commodity describing how to replace shingles.

Source: https://www.iko.com/na/pro/building-professional-tools/roofing-101/how-to-install-shingles/

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